XAMPP：設定 Gmail SMTP 在 XAMPP snedmail 寄信

前言

最近在做一個可以偵測自己網站是否異常的小程式，為了可以讓網頁發送通知給我，所以就開始研究一個會自動發信件的程式。

目前找到最快的方案就是使用PHP自帶的寄信函數 — mail，從官方文件來看，要測試寄信功能這應該是最快的方式。

一般電腦瀏覽器不支援直接執行PHP，如果要執行就要安裝Apache網頁伺服器來執行PHP程式，不過現在有像XAMPP這種整合程式，基本上要架設一個網頁伺服器在電腦測試是很快的。

mail function 的使用

mail函數會根據Apache裡面的php.ini進行主機設定

mail ( string $to , 
             string $subject , 
             string $message , 
       array|string $additional_headers = [] , 
       string $additional_params = "" ) : bool

Parameter

• $to: 收件者
• $subject: 信件主旨
• $message: 信件內容
• $additional_headers: 可以加入主機資訊，有些資訊也會抓php.ini設定。

Return Values

成功寄信會回傳true；反之失敗回傳false

Example-1

<?php
// The message
$message = "Line 1\r\nLine 2\r\nLine 3";

// In case any of our lines are larger than 70 characters, we should use wordwrap()
$message = wordwrap($message, 70, "\r\n");

// Send
mail('[email protected]', 'My Subject', $message);
?>

Example-2

<?php
$to      = '[email protected]';
$subject = 'the subject';
$message = 'hello';
$headers = 'From: [email protected]' . "\r\n" .
    'Reply-To: [email protected]' . "\r\n" .
    'X-Mailer: PHP/' . phpversion();

mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
?>

利用內建sendmail來設定gmail的伺服器

連結到gmail SMTP server就可以讓自己不用去弄一個Mail server出來。

需要改兩個設定檔：

• \xampp\php\php.ini
• \xampp\sendmail\sendmail.ini

(一) \xampp\php\php.ini

修改[mail function]，要修改兩個地方，分別是：

• sendmail_path：設定sendmail這個應用程式的路徑。

sendmail_path = "\"\xampp\sendmail\sendmail.exe\" -t"

• mail.log：寄送郵件的記錄檔。

mail.log = "\xampp\php\php_mail.log"

完整範例

[mail function]
; For Win32 only.
; http://php.net/smtp
;SMTP=127.0.0.1
; http://php.net/smtp-port
;smtp_port=25

; For Win32 only.
; http://php.net/sendmail-from
;sendmail_from = [email protected]

; For Unix only.  You may supply arguments as well (default: "sendmail -t -i").
; http://php.net/sendmail-path
sendmail_path = "\"\xampp\sendmail\sendmail.exe\" -t"

; Force the addition of the specified parameters to be passed as extra parameters
; to the sendmail binary. These parameters will always replace the value of
; the 5th parameter to mail().
;mail.force_extra_parameters =

; Add X-PHP-Originating-Script: that will include uid of the script followed by the filename
mail.add_x_header=Off

; The path to a log file that will log all mail() calls. Log entries include
; the full path of the script, line number, To address and headers.
;mail.log =
; Log mail to syslog (Event Log on Windows).
mail.log = "\xampp\php\php_mail.log"

(二) \xampp\sendmail\sendmail.ini

修改[sendmail]，要修改四個地方，分別是：

• smtp_server：設定gmail SMTP伺服器。

smtp_server=smtp.gmail.com

• smtp_port：設定要連接埠。

smtp_port=465

• default_domain：設定到GOoogle網域。

default_domain=gmail.com

• Google帳號設定

auth_username=你的GOOGLE帳戶名稱@gmail.com
auth_password=你的GOOGLE帳戶密碼 (我有另外申請應用程式密碼)

Note: 好像要去設定一個應用程式用的密碼，用自己的密碼好像會失敗。

完整範例

[sendmail]

; you must change mail.mydomain.com to your smtp server,
; or to IIS's "pickup" directory.  (generally C:\Inetpub\mailroot\Pickup)
; emails delivered via IIS's pickup directory cause sendmail to
; run quicker, but you won't get error messages back to the calling
; application.

smtp_server=smtp.gmail.com

; smtp port (normally 25)

smtp_port=465

; SMTPS (SSL) support
;   auto = use SSL for port 465, otherwise try to use TLS
;   ssl  = alway use SSL
;   tls  = always use TLS
;   none = never try to use SSL

smtp_ssl=auto

; the default domain for this server will be read from the registry
; this will be appended to email addresses when one isn't provided
; if you want to override the value in the registry, uncomment and modify

default_domain=gmail.com

; log smtp errors to error.log (defaults to same directory as sendmail.exe)
; uncomment to enable logging

error_logfile=error.log

; create debug log as debug.log (defaults to same directory as sendmail.exe)
; uncomment to enable debugging

;debug_logfile=debug.log

; if your smtp server requires authentication, modify the following two lines

auth_username=你的GOOGLE帳戶名稱@gmail.com
auth_password=你的GOOGLE帳戶密碼 (我有另外申請應用程式密碼)

; if your smtp server uses pop3 before smtp authentication, modify the 
; following three lines.  do not enable unless it is required.

pop3_server=
pop3_username=
pop3_password=

; force the sender to always be the following email address
; this will only affect the "MAIL FROM" command, it won't modify 
; the "From: " header of the message content

force_sender=你的GOOGLE帳戶名稱@gmail.com

; force the sender to always be the following email address
; this will only affect the "RCTP TO" command, it won't modify 
; the "To: " header of the message content

force_recipient=

; sendmail will use your hostname and your default_domain in the ehlo/helo
; smtp greeting.  you can manually set the ehlo/helo name if required

hostname=

Refer

• PHP: mail – Manual